Key facts
| Council area | Vale of Glamorgan |
| Population | 28,395 (Penarth built-up area, usual residents, Census 2021 (ONS)) |
| Network operator | National Grid Electricity Distribution (South Wales licence area) |
| Main employment areas | Llandough Trading Estate; West Point Industrial Estate, Llandough |
| Indicative yield | About 1,035 kWh per kWp a year (south facing, 30 degrees) |
| Nation support page | Grants and reliefs in Wales |
Where businesses are in Penarth
- Llandough Trading Estate: A modern industrial estate of 5.34 hectares in Llandough (Penarth), off the A4232, with small to medium terraced units; the council's March 2023 employment land study recommends protecting it.
- West Point Industrial Estate, Llandough: Rows of small modern terraced units on 5.33 hectares beneath a highway overpass off the A4232, described in the council's March 2023 study as almost fully occupied.
Large employers and sectors with sites here include:
- Tourism: A September 2025 council report put tourism in the Vale of Glamorgan at £350.41 million in 2024, up 1.9% on 2023, naming Penarth Pier among the area's main draws.
- Marine leisure (Penarth Marina): Penarth Marina, run by boatfolk, has 320 berths for vessels up to 72ft, with 24 hour staffing and a boatyard.
Large, simple roofs on distribution sheds and modern industrial units are usually the quickest and cheapest to fit. Older mill, factory and workshop buildings can work well too, but often need a structural survey first, and roofs from before 2000 may contain asbestos cement: see asbestos roofs.
Grid connection
Penarth is served by National Grid Electricity Distribution (South Wales licence area). Almost every commercial system needs G99 approval from the network operator before it is switched on, and the question is usually how much the local network can take back. Where export is limited, a G100 export limitation scheme can let a larger array connect. See G99 and DNO applications.
Planning in Penarth
Planning in Penarth is decided by Vale of Glamorgan council under the Welsh rules. Many non-domestic roofs are covered by Welsh permitted development, with conditions, but not within 3 km of an airport or aerodrome or on listed buildings.
Points that come up locally:
- The Penarth Conservation Area was designated in August 1971 and its boundaries amended in 1978 and 1997; it includes the Grade II listed pier and the Grade I listed St Augustine's Church, and an Article 4(2) Direction applies, so many roofs in the town need more care.
- In Wales, panels on a non-domestic building are usually permitted development if they project no more than 200mm from the roof or wall (1 metre above a flat roof) and sit at least 1 metre from the roof edge, but in a conservation area panels on a principal or side elevation wall need planning consent, and a listed building needs planning permission and listed building consent.
Our guides on listed buildings and conservation areas explain what these mean for a solar project.
What a business roof in Penarth could generate
Modelled with PVGIS for the town centre, a south-facing roof at 30 degrees produces about 1,035 kWh per kWp a year.
| Item | Illustrative figure |
|---|---|
| System | 100 kWp, south facing at 30 degrees |
| Installed cost | £900 per kWp, so £90,000 excluding VAT |
| Generation | About 103,500 kWh a year |
| Used on site | 70% at 24p = £17,388 saved |
| Exported | 30% at 5p = £1,553 earned |
| Total a year | About £18,941 |
| Simple payback | About 4.8 years before tax relief |
Illustrative, not a quote: the same sums as our commercial solar calculator. A company paying corporation tax can usually shorten the payback with capital allowances.
Funding and support
- Development Bank of Wales Green Business Loan Scheme: Discounted fixed rate green loans, as part of a funding package with consultancy support, for energy efficiency measures and low carbon projects, with renewables including solar PV listed as typical eligible projects; repayments can start with a capital repayment holiday and the term is tied to the project's payback period. Limited companies, sole traders and partnerships must be based in Wales, have traded for at least two years and have at least one set of filed annual accounts. A grant of up to 50% of the cost of a detailed energy audit, to a maximum of £10,000 (£20,000 total costs), is also offered. Check the scheme's own page for eligibility and closing dates.
National reliefs apply too: see grants and reliefs in Wales.
Solar across Vale of Glamorgan
At the end of 2025, Vale of Glamorgan had 4,474 solar PV installations with 93.6 MW of capacity, up 15% since 2020, according to government figures. The Vale of Glamorgan page has the full local figures and how they compare.
Nearby towns
- Barry, about 4 miles away
- Caerphilly, about 10 miles away
- Weston-super-Mare, about 11 miles away
- Newport, about 13 miles away
Sources
- ons.gov.uk: census2021
- ons.gov.uk: datadownload.xlsx
- valeofglamorgan.oc2.uk: BP12 Employment Land Study (BE Group) full
- bromorgannwg.gov.uk: Annual Tourism and Events Update
- boatfolk.co.uk: annual berthing
- businesswales.gov.wales: enterprise zones
- gov.uk: growth and local jobs top of the agenda
- gov.uk: maps of uk freeports
- valeofglamorgan.gov.uk: Penarth CAAMP July 2011
- gov.wales: planning permission solar panels non domestic
- developmentbank.wales: green
- Yield: PVGIS 5.3 (European Commission Joint Research Centre), SARAH3 data, 14% system losses, for the town centre, modelled 4 November 2026.
- Council area figures: DESNZ, renewable electricity by local authority 2014 to 2025.
Frequently asked questions
Who is the electricity network operator in Penarth?
National Grid Electricity Distribution (South Wales licence area). Most commercial solar systems need its G99 approval before they are switched on. The operator follows the postcode, so confirm yours with the Energy Networks Association postcode tool.
How much would a 100 kWp solar system generate in Penarth?
About 103,500 kWh a year for a south-facing roof at 30 degrees, modelled with PVGIS for the town centre. At 70% used on site at 24p and the rest exported at 5p, that is worth about £18,941 a year. Your own roof, orientation and use will change this.
Can a business in Penarth get a free solar survey?
Yes. Answer six short questions and we match the site with one MCS certified installer, who surveys it on site or by video call. It is free, with no obligation. Get a free survey.
Related pages
- Vale of Glamorgan4,474 installations, 93.6 MW of solar and about 1,066 kWh per kWp a year for a south-facing roof.
- WalesNGED and SP Energy Networks connections, Planning Policy Wales and Welsh permitted development, the Welsh rates exemption to 2035, and farm, factory and port roofs.
- Commercial solar calculatorEstimate commercial solar savings and payback, with the generation, price and cost assumptions shown and sourced, and the limits of a simple estimate explained.
- WalesCurrent solar support in Wales for businesses, farms, public bodies and community groups, with rates, planning and official contacts.
- Planning permissionPermitted development for commercial rooftop solar and car park canopies in England, prior approval, heritage limits, ground-mounted schemes and the other UK nations.